Theology Reflection Paper Essay Example for Free

Theology Reflection Paper Essay Introduction For my two topics I choose The Nature of God and Sin Nature (the nature of man). The two topics are obviously complete opposites but as a child most of what I knew about God came from the sinful nature of family that I looked up to and later how I learned to recognize and pray for my current sinful nature was from learning the actual Nature of God. In this paper I will explain how the two topics connected with my life and how this study has help me understand both topics even more. Formerly, when you did not know God, you were enslaved to those that by nature are not gods. But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God (Galatians 4:8). The Nature of God The Nature of God is truly understood with the Holy Spirit and the study of God’s Word. Supremacy, Omniscience, Omnipotence, Omnipresence are just a few words that describe the Nature of God. To truly know God is to fear him and be in awe of him. To the King of the ages, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen (1Timothy 1:17). I was raised in a Gypsy culture which led to many terrible understandings in the outside world. One huge misunderstanding is that I had of the nature of God. As a gypsy child we would listen to many stories from â€Å"successful†Ã‚  elders in hopes of learning some great secret to help us. Many of these stories involved superstitions and the justification of doing bad things to get a head. One story that helped justify such acts was that as Jesus Christ was being crucified a gypsy boy stole one of the nails intended to be used to nail Jesus to the cross. We were told because of this Jesus forgives us for like sins that we commit to live our life in the gypsy culture. This story and mentality really affected the view I had of the Nature of God and the life I should live. The Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you (John 14:26). It is pretty clear to me now that the understanding we all had back then was not due to the Holy Spirit. After being adopted by a Baptist preacher and actually being saved I started my journey to understand the Nature of God. The current understanding I have of the Nature of God has taken 15 years to create. Every day God reveals his nature to me with current issues, reviewing my past and with studying God’s Word. Sin Nature The sinful nature wants to do evil, which is just the opposite of what the Spirit wants (Galatians 5:17). Sin Nature is something mankind cannot combat without the Spirit. For I know that good itself does not dwell in me, that is, in my sinful nature. For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot carry it out (Romans 7:18). Sinful Nature has been passed down all the way back to Adam. But one’s personal Sin Nature can find its roots much closer to present time. I have found that I share most of my sinful struggles with my father, Tommy. Tommy, has been married over 12 times is an alcoholic and addicted to drugs and violence. But all of these sinful destructive traits are easy to avoid for a son that has a clear picture of what happens to a man with such habits. But the issue that wasn’t as known is Tommy’s addiction to porn. My journey with porn started at an early age and is rooted deep within me. This sin nature has defeated over 20 relationships with distorted visions of sex. I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not do, but what I hate I do (Romans 7:15). As my father before me I could fall into the same traps of multiple marriages and violence, but because of the knowledge I have of God’s Nature and the Holy Spirit inside of me I can combat said sin with knowledge. Those who  live according to the flesh have their minds set on what the flesh desires; but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires (Romans 8:5). Conclusion In the 11th chapter of Core Christianity, Elmer Towns says â€Å"Whenever Christianity touches a culture in a significant way; there is always a change in a positive way.† Being raised in one culture that was not truly touched by Christianity and then adopted into a completely different culture that was truly touched by Christ I have personally felt and seen the positive effects Christianity has when it touches a life or culture. In chapter 5 of Core Christianity, Elmer Towns speaks to One Door—Two Sides. In most of his book but especially in this section E. Towns, highlights my now Reformed Perspective God has revealed to me. I now have a better understanding of The Nature of God and how truly blessed I am, The Lord is my strength and my shield; in him my heart trusts, and I am helped; my heart exults, and with my song I give thanks to him {Psalm 28:7)

Illegal Downloading Essay

Illegal Downloading Essay Illegal download of music can be best defined as use of free sharing programs such as LimeWire, Bit Torrent, Ares and E-mule to share or obtain copyrighted music or music software without due permission from the copyright holder. From the article, we can deduce and comfortably argue that the illegal download of music is indeed harmful and should be banned and discouraged at all cost. For one, illegal download of music denies musicians the right to profits and hence prevent them from earning their living. It also kills their morale when taken to the fact that it degrades and devalues their products i.e. the music files. On the argument that artists make more money from concerts, this needs to be explicitly clarified, because download of music can actually bring an artist more money than concert appearances. Take a scenario for instance where a musician has a hit song all over the globe which is all over the internet and media outlets. This will translate to more demand, and they will get invited to numerous shows and events all over the world. Whereas anyone in any place around the globe can download the particular song or other songs by the artist no matter the time of the day. The artist himself is limited in the number of shows or concerts he or she can attend hence he might end up making more money from this than actual concerts which requires his physical appearance. The value of musical compact discs (CDs) has been viewed by some as ridiculously high, as the article reports. It will be important to understand this vital point that when a consumer really needs and wants a certain product and appreciates its value the price notwithstanding. (Aksomitis, 2007) He or she would most definitely go out of the way to purchase it this is no different when it comes to musical CD sales. If the notion that downloading of music illegally is harmless and does not really cost the artist much should be dispelled and the following will act to disabuse any such thoughts in any potential illegal music downloader. Jupiter research -a UK based research firm published a report in 2009 titled the analysis of the European online music marketing development and assessment of future opportunities. The report came up with a final conclusion that illegal music downloaders were free loaders who had little or no will /ability to pay for music. This coupled with the fact that the United Kingdom trade value of the domestic music sales had fallen to a sobering twenty five per cent in the last decade is a clear indication of the ills of illegal music download. Another study done in Netherlands by a group called TNO/SEO/IVIR in 2009 established a direct link between a drop in music sales and downloading over the internet: ups and downs-economic and cultural effects of file sharing on music, films and games. The bottom line facts and figures all point out illegal music downloading over the internet, as one of the major culprits that has led to decline in revenue and sales in the music industry worldwide. This is because a seemingly harmless action of downloading a music file over the internet has caused a wide destructive ripple effect in the industry affecting more than one individual /musician. There exist many key industry players who are negatively affected by this. The music producer for one, music managers, record label employees, music promoters, disc jockeys (DJ) and other professionals. Who include video producers, dancers, event organizers and other affiliated industry players together with thousands if not millions of employees earning a living from music and music related products. When music CD sales drops due to illegal download of music, publishers naturally feel the pinch from losses incurred. Drop in album sales lead to firing and lying off of employees by record labels and music production houses. (Noah, 2011) The musician at the end of the line is cheated off their rightful earning by the same illegal downloading. It will be of great importance to note that music CDs are on their way to becoming obsolete and outdated. Therefore soft copy downloading is becoming a more and more preferred mode of music and music software Access Avenue by fans worldwide. This means music downloads are in the future going to be perhaps the only way a part from performances and product endorsements that a musician can earn a living and make sales from his/her music. All this is a clear pointer that illegal music download is indeed harmful and musicians therefore should declare an out and out war against these offenders. Who exhibits dishonest, unscrupulous, unethical and selfish practice which amounts to mass theft of intellectual property and copyright infringement not to mention theft. It is important that there exist legal and recognized channels for music downloading where there is a good and reliable system of music downloading. This is because there would be an important source of data whereby an artist can keep tract and do a self-evaluation of his/her music progress. Other key players such as producers and music promoters would also find this handy and useful in keeping tract if their artist progress in development while keeping tabs on sales and marketing data .Ranking and artist valuing can also be easily timelines and tracked down to minute details. The government would also heavily benefit from the same when it comes to the crucial issue of taxation and revenue collection. Where there is a legal and recognized mode of music download, tax deductions and revenue payment can be smoothly and flawlessly carried out which in turn will help the government to be able to protect the musicians and assure them of continued earning from their music. This will in turn lead to high morale in the musician who will continue churning out more quality and standard music for the fans to enjoy. It is however important to take in to consideration the issue of music previews where potential downloads review and sample music before downloading. The article argue that if allowed access to sampling and previewing of music prior to online purchase, the potential customers will not value the illegally downloaded music. Resulting, into temporally use of files then deleting without actually engaging in the actual purchase of the song. There should be such a platform streamlined such as in the case of movie trailers where a sneak preview of the song is availed without unnecessarily exposing much or the whole song to potential buyers. A small part of the song such as the chorus should be coded into the system with an expiry security lock for temporal use. We must keep in psyche that prior to one goes to download a song there must have been motivators and factors that lead to his or her action. (Johnson Broida, 2002) By this, we can take into account music previews and reviews in various contemporary music shows in radio and television programs. Also written music reviews by entertainment writers and critics who are well informed about music of various genres and types they report for therefore the downloader has a pretty good idea what he/she is going to download. Up to that point all will agree that illegal download of music does more harm than good. Therefore should be severely reprimanded and allow for musicians effort to be duly recognized and appreciated when protecting and appreciating copyright and intellectual property of the artist. Musicians should come out vocally and in numbers to condemn and fight this detestable vice. This can be best done by the formation of strong reliable and powerful artist associations and bodies which will have the mandate and tasks of monitoring and ensuring music download is done legally and they benefit from the same. There is a need for existence of independent and cooperate copyright agent monitors. Who will work closely for or with the government music bodies, record labels, music distribution companies media houses. (Johnson Broida, 2002) Additionally, music promoters and online marketers of music together with the website owners to ensure efficient tracking of music download. Enabling to keep the actions in the right track and eliminate illegal music downloading or keep it to a bare minimum. The government needs to step in the fight against illegal music downloads by setting up agencies and departments to monitor and control the same. Legal actions should be taken against those found engaging in illegal music download and heavy fines and penalties imposed on the culprits to punish them. Get legal settlements to compensate the musicians and deter and discourage other potential illegal music down-loaders. There should be also financial implications for any individual, company, group or institution whose members engage in this act with full knowledge of the relevant authorities. Disciplinary actions therefore should be taken against students in educational institutions where this practice is done at an alarming rate, mostly with impunity since the perpetrators hide under the veil of the majority of numbers and institutional cover. CONCLUSION In a nutshell, the long and short of it is that if allowed to continue, illegal music download will continue hurting musicians and also the perpetrators when stun action is taken against them. The eventual effect is the ruining of the music industry and killing of dreams, new talents and music. The question is if one loves music so much, why not go out and legally purchase it?

One Is Not Born A Woman

One Is Not Born A Woman A single, short expression that poses the central feminist question about sex difference is the following: Mamas baby, papas maybe. Biology has granted women a right to genetic parenthood that no man is privileged to share. However, this expression is subject to inversion in the text, The Color Purple, which I have chosen to discuss in the light of womanism rather than feminism because the former is more inclusive than the latter. Moreover, the traditional concept of man- woman relationship/ dependency physically and ideologically is put to severe blow by Monique Wittigs concept of lesbianism in her controversial yet most famous essay, One is not born a woman. This paper aims to show the bonding between Celie and Shug through the theories put forward by Wittig. The meaning of love, companionship and sexual pleasure finds an altered form in the chosen text and proves that woman does not need a man to complete her. Keywords: intertextuality, womanism, black identity PAPER Monique Wittig is a well-known French feminist writer. In 1992, The Straight Mind and Other Essays, a compilation of essays on a variety of feminist and lesbian issues, stormed the world with its declaration of lesbians as opposed to the category of woman. The result was a book of nine essays in which she outlines her position on such issues as the category of sex, the heterosexism inherent in language and the social contract. It cajoles one to think about ones natural assumptions about gender and sexuality. According to Wittigs preface, the first half of the collection is concerned with materialist lesbianism in which she describes heterosexuality not as an institution but as a political regime which rests on the submission and the appropriation of women (p. xiii). In One Is Not Born a Woman, one of the essays in the book that I have chosen to read, is an attempt to establish a link between women fighting for women as a class, against the idea of woman as an essentialist concept. Wittig being a contemporary proponent of feminist and gay/lesbian rights, takes constructionist viewpoints of the likes of Simone de Beauvoir, that One is not born a woman, but becomes a woman. No biological, psychological, or economic fate determines the figure that the human female presents in society: it is civilization as a whole that produces this creature, intermediate between male and eunuch, which is described as feminine. (p.1) The advantage of womanism as a theory is that it, unlike the feminist movement, brings to bear upon the woman question more than a white womans perspective in its effort at ridding the society of sexual inequality (Aldridge 127). Womanism also acknowledges the existence of the male counterpart, seeing him as an equal victim with the woman. However, it is pertinent to mention here that black women were victimized thrice in terms of racism, sexism, and economic exploitation though the womanists combat the question of racism first before the gender issue. The emphasis varies from female- empowerment to race-empowerment and Womens Liberation Movement to Black Freedom Movement (Aldridge 133, 135). Toni Cade in her 1970 anthology The Black Woman elaborates: [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Over the years, things have sort of been cooled out. But I have yet to hear a coolheaded analysis of just what any particular groups stand is on the question. Invariably, I hear from some dude that Black women must be supportive and patient so that Black men can regain their manhood. The notion of womanhood they argue and only if pressed to address themselves to the notion do they think of it or argue- is dependent on his defining his manhood (Cade). The categories of sex (woman and man) essentially appropriates that one having capacity to give birth (biologically) is a woman and that it is the only creative act that determines her existence and her identity proclaiming her naturalized slavery to man as master/ oppressor. Wittig defines woman in terms of her relationship with man which takes the form of a forced residence, domestic corvee, conjugal duties, unlimited production of children etc. This applies to Celie, the protagonist of Walkers The Color Purple who contents herself with a purposeless life and is oblivious of the orgasmic pleasure until she meets Shug Avery. Essentially the patriarchal society, as Wittig asserts, strengthens the form of oppression through imaginary formation of physical features. A black is perceived as a black, therefore, s/he is a black; similarly, a woman is perceived or seen as a woman, therefore she is a woman. However, it is not because she is born that way, but because she is made to be so. Walker swept the world with her crude yet realistic portrayal of strong women characters and equally repulsive men characters in her Pulitzer winning novel, The Color Purple. Her clarion call for Black Womanism had just begun. She could not accept the idea of the White feminism speaking for women of color because she correctly witnessed the alienation of the black experience and further marginalization of texts by black feminists in the mainstream academic tradition. Her ideology of womanism first appeared in her book In Search of Our Mothers Gardens: Womanist Prose (1983), in which she attributes the words origin to the black folk expression of mothers to female children, You acting womanish, i.e. like a woman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ usually referring to outrageous, audacious, courageous, or willful behavior à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [A womanist is also] a woman who loves other women sexually and/or nonsexually appreciates and prefers womens culture, womens emotional flexibility (values tears as natural counterbalance of laughter), and womens strength. Sometimes loves individual men, sexually and/or non-sexually. Committed to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and female. Not a separatist, except periodically, for health. Traditionally universalistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Loves music. Loves dance. Loves the moon. Loves the Spirit. Loves love and food and roundness. Loves struggle. Loves the Folk. Loves herself. Regardless. And Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender. (p. xi-xii) Feminism as a movement is exclusively for women and has as its agenda the repudiation of male hegemony. The meaning of female denotes the sex that can bear offspring or produce eggs, distinguished biologically by the production of gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes. Thus, biology can use the term female rather than girl and woman. Femininity, on the other hand, is a group of traits that have culturally become associated with women, but they do not make a woman. The patriarchy views woman as an incomplete man, the second sex, the other. But in refusing to become a woman does not imply that one adorns the role of a man since as Wittig puts it- For becoming a man would demand from a woman not only a mans external appearance but his consciousness as wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ one feature of lesbian oppression consists precisely of making women out of reach for us, since women belong to men. Thus a lesbian has to be something else, a not-woman, a not-man, a product of society, not a product of nature, for there is no nature in society. (p.4) She elaborates her argument further asserting that- The refusal to become (or to remain) heterosexual always meant to refuse to become a man or a woman, consciously or not. For a lesbian this goes further than the refusal of the role woman. It is the refusal of the economic, ideological, and political power of man. (p.4 ) The term gender was coined by Greek philosopher, Protagoras. Greek nouns were divided into three different classes which attributed its existence to a word meaning class or kind- masculine, feminine, and neuter (Cameron, p.89). The masculine, Jakob Grimm, a German philologist explained, means the earlier, larger, firmer, more inflexible, swift, active, mobile, productive; the feminine the later, smaller, smoother, the more still, suffering, receptive (Cameron, p.92). However, the category of woman is neither biological nor grammatical. It is a cultural construct. Womanism, on the other hand, considers the society as a collective whole and acknowledges the inter-linked fate of the black women with their men in the community. Rather than supporting separatism, Womanism promotes universalism. Womanism, like Black Feminism, provides a space for Black women and women of color to create dialogue in a non-dominative and a non-threatening environment. Womanism is not a new idea by any means; in fact there is evidence of its origins in the sacred texts of ancient Africa, especially the Husia of Egypt and the Odu Ifa of ancient Yorubaland. Concepts from the Husia such as the Divine inclusiveness of male and female principles, woman and man as the image of God and the concept of human customarily written with male and female characters in hieroglyphs indicate the belief that woman and man were equal by nature and divinely and must operate as such (Karenga 324). Wittig thus, busts the myth of woman (created by men) by questioning and agreeing to Beauvoir, that the concept of woman is wonderful, underlining women having the best of features is a judgment men have compartmentalized according to their own perception. To save one self being entrapped in such a purview is the aim of the lesbian- feminists who strive for a sexless society. In this light then the concerns of feminism too is subjected to scrutiny. Feminism contains the word femme meaning woman, fighting for women as a class or, the removal of this class. If it is so, then the movement took precedence from the acceptance of the notion that women shared common features as a result of oppression; But for them these features were natural and biological rather than social. Wittig takes upon her the daunting task of establishing the idea of lesbians as opposed to the class of woman/man in materialist terms. It does not imply that men as species should be led to extinction but to suppress men as a class through political struggle. Once this category of class disappears, says Wittig, the natural and historical division between man and woman too will vanish, for there are no slaves without masters. The political formation of class can be traced back to the ideology of Marxism which states individuals to be product of society, and that only their consciousness can be alienated not the individual herself/ himself until the class that dominates ceases to produce the ideas itself that alienates them from the class that they oppress. For instance in order to achieve a sexless society, the visible division between the bourgeois and the proletariat has to be removed first and then only can there be no-man and no-woman, but all humans society. As Wittig puts- This real necessity for everyone to exist as an individual, as well as a member of a class, is perhaps the first condition for the accomplishment of a revolution, without which there can be no real fight or transformation. But the opposite is also true; without class and class consciousness there are no real subjects, only alienated individuals.(p.10) Thus, lesbianism is the only concept that provides for a chance to create such a social form where humankind can live freely. Celies realization of herself as a woman capable of living independently without the necessity of a man in her life, springs from the unconditional love she receives from Shug Avery, another woman for The Color Purple establishes itself as a story of women by a woman. It moves away from the categories of woman and man because a lesbian is neither a man nor a woman, either economically, or politically, or ideologically. Here, Wittigs text offers some positive contributions to feminist and queer theory, in particular her deconstruction of the term woman and her focus on the power of language. As she clarifies- There is no possible fight for someone deprived of an identity, no internal motivation for fighting, since, although I can fight only with others, first I fight for myself. (p.7) In the The Color Purple the women are doubly marginalized, first as a black, seen as the other by the white, and, secondly, as a subordinate group by the men. Celie is so used to the oppression by the men around her that when her step- son Harpo complains of his wifes disobedience to him, she advises him to beat her: an alternative for her does not exist. Nettie, on the other hand, refuses to give in to the whims and fancies of the male order. She fights and carves an identity and life for her with her marriage to Samuel, a missionary. It is Shug Avery, a Blues singer, who reveals to Celie the value of independence and the assertion of a womans identity. Through the conversations and the relationship thus enforced between Shug and Celie, one can find clinching evidence of subversive textuality wherein the traditional text is undermined and hetereosexuality is challenged. The realization brings about a metamorphosis in Celie. She forgives the men in her life who viewed her as nothing more than a mule of the world. She emerges like the autobiographical Walker as a butterfly whose fiercely strong willpower makes the society and world at large celebrate her identity and individuality. As Toni Morrison maintains in Beloved, Definitions belong to the definers not the defined. Self naming and self defining is crucial. (Morrison 1987). So too, womanists like Alice Walker, Toni Morrison, Patricia Hills Collins, Clenora Hudson- Weems assert authoritatively their political identity to the world, amidst the frequent conflation with the Black Feminists.

One Big Happy Family :: essays research papers

The story that I chose to write about was "One Big Happy Family," by Anndee Hochman. The story is about a young woman whose family life seemed to be the American dream, for those of us looking in from the outside. Her family owned a house in the city like most of us and a house on the beach. The house on the beach was unique with its architecture anomalies, which made the house more a mix and match of parts than like her normal home in the city. The whole family, including relatives from afar, would gather there during the summer to spend time with each other. When in actuality behind her family’s unity, was a demand for conformity to her family’s way of life and thinking. The author finally realized that in order for her to find happiness she had to look within herself and learn to listen to her feelings. Once she learns this lesson, she will be able to break the bounds of her family’s conformity and find the peace of mind that she has always longed fo r. Several of the stories throughout this chapter discuss different myths of "One Big Happy Family," however it all seems to come back to the individual, and what they believe in. Anndee’s house is unique with its red picket fence, a bathroom with two doors, bedrooms surrounded by paper thin walls, and no bedroom doors. Also a glass panel window that was built into a wall that separated the living room from the kitchen. An added feature left behind from years of construction and now disregarded but adding to the overall character of the house. These unique fixtures and anomalies were what made the trip to the house worth the voyage each year from the city. They were thrust into an alien environment completely different from what they were used to. The whole house was set up with unspoken rules that they all abided by without question. The rooms were assigned to a particular family member, group, or couples. The topics of conversation were predictable and planned to the point that they all knew what would be acceptable answers and replies to each topic they discussed. After reaching adulthood Anndee began to develop her own opinions and thoughts that did not necessarily coincide with her family’s view. Anddee began to explore her own sexuality and discovered that she preferred the company of women to that of men.

Federalist 10 Essay -- essays papers

Federalist 10 Liberty. This word means many things to many people. There is no way to distinctly define the term without leaving someone's crucial point of view out of the equation. One person might say that anarchy would be the only way to have complete and utter freedom, while others would go as far as to believe a controlled communist government is the best route to achieving liberation. Factions (a group of people who agree on certain topics) are inevitable, due to the nature of man. As long as men hold different opinions, have different amounts of wealth, and own different amount of property, they will continue to fraternize with people who are most similar to them. In Federalist #10, James Madison summed up factions eloquently stating that â€Å"Liberty is faction, what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires.† The government created by the Constitution controls the damage caused by such factions. The likelihood that public office will be held by qualified men is greater in large countries because there will be more representative chosen by a greater number of citizens. Power is distributed in a checks and balance format, mak ing it difficult for factions to completely take over. Madison’s views on faction are still relevant and exercised frequently even after 200 years have passed. James Madison’s most amazing political prediction, contained within the pages of Federalist 10, was that the United States being so large and having such a wi... Federalist 10 Essay -- essays papers Federalist 10 Liberty. This word means many things to many people. There is no way to distinctly define the term without leaving someone's crucial point of view out of the equation. One person might say that anarchy would be the only way to have complete and utter freedom, while others would go as far as to believe a controlled communist government is the best route to achieving liberation. Factions (a group of people who agree on certain topics) are inevitable, due to the nature of man. As long as men hold different opinions, have different amounts of wealth, and own different amount of property, they will continue to fraternize with people who are most similar to them. In Federalist #10, James Madison summed up factions eloquently stating that â€Å"Liberty is faction, what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires.† The government created by the Constitution controls the damage caused by such factions. The likelihood that public office will be held by qualified men is greater in large countries because there will be more representative chosen by a greater number of citizens. Power is distributed in a checks and balance format, mak ing it difficult for factions to completely take over. Madison’s views on faction are still relevant and exercised frequently even after 200 years have passed. James Madison’s most amazing political prediction, contained within the pages of Federalist 10, was that the United States being so large and having such a wi...

Welfare: A Government Program in the US

In the United States, the word â€Å"welfare† is familiar to everyone. People usually consider welfare as government programs that distribute public assistance to the poor and low income people. However, some people, who are able to work, take advantage of or depend too much on welfare, and they consider welfare as their main source of income. To stop their dependence on welfare, the government should put those who are on welfare into the labor area and keep them there. Besides, the government should change their way of thinking about welfare and make recipients realize the goal of work and self-sufficiency. In order to accomplish this change, the government should replace the existing welfare by education and training programs. Some welfare recipients depend too much and take advantage of welfare. The sponsors of immigrants must be responsible for taking care of their family. However, they refuse to take their responsibility, and they consider that welfare must help them. For example, one sponsor in Orange County, California placed her parents on welfare even though she owned a $450,000 home and easily could afford to provide for their well-being. However, she notified the welfare agency that her elderly parents either would have to start paying rent or move out (Smith 31). Besides, welfare pays substantially more than recipients could earn from entry-level job (Tanner et al. 22). That is the reason why welfare recipients do not likely to look for job. As a result, if people can earn the same income by either working or not working, most people will choose not to work. In contrast, other people such as elders, retarded or disabled individuals, and single parent deserve to receive government assistance; however, they do not get as much as they need because the government provides welfare to both deserving and undeserving people. This will create an unbalancing gap between people. Those who really need welfare can not get enough; meanwhile, others receive more than what they need. Therefore, the government should provide welfare to deserving people who really need assistance and jobs to those who are able to work. In the article â€Å"Welfare Pays Better, So Why Work? † of USA Today Magazine, the authors state â€Å"Nearly everyone agrees that a major goal should be to encourage recipients to leave the welfare rolls and enter the workforce† (Tanner et al. 22). In order to encourage recipients to enter the workforce, the government should limit welfare because welfare is a source of income which recipients do not have to work to earn, so why do they have to work? Besides, welfare recipients must realize that welfare only helps them in short period of time. After that they have to be on their own because there is no one else can help them forever. If there is less welfare, working becomes the only source of income which they can depend on. Indeed, limiting welfare is parallel with seeking job. Once welfare is limited, labor force is the only place where they can get help. In order to encourage recipients to work, the government should create employment programs which assist recipients to look for job, to train and to gain skills. Although the employment programs might cost the nation more money in short term, they will be worth it in the long term. First, the government should persuade private employers to create more job opportunities for welfare recipients, and also welfare recipients should be required to participate in education and training programs. Besides, more employment services and job search assistance should be establish to help welfare recipients to have an easier time finding jobs. In addition, welfare money should be used to subsidize for education and training programs because these programs can provide skills and train them in order to meet the new demands of the labor market and meet the employer's specific needs. Furthermore, unemployment offices would no longer distinguish between those who were recently laid off and those who have been on welfare. Each person would be evaluated on the basis of what services she or he needs in order to obtain employment. Hence, everyone all has same opportunity to enter the workforce. Instead of improving the welfare programs, the government should look at them as an opportunity to create a more comprehensive employment programs that would replace the old welfare and public assistance programs. For this to occur, the government should create education and training programs to provide skills and train people in order to ensure all those who want to work are able to do so. Besides, more employment services should be established to assist people to look for job easier, and private employment creates more jobs to encourage people to work. Also, equal opportunity should be applied to everyone. As a result, all these programs should be shared a single goal: to enable people to work.

Biomechanics of Wrestling Suplex

The origins and history of wrestling date back as far as 15,000 years with depictions of wrestling found in cave drawings in France. Wrestling is one of the oldest historical sports rivaled only by track and field, and has been seen in ancient literature and games of Greece and early Egypt. The most notable influence of wrestling comes from the Olympics, where it was introduced in 708BC . There are many forms of wrestling including Greco-Roman, Freestyle, Folk style, and Catch wrestling; all of which operate at different levels and have unique sets of rules.Freestyle wrestling is one of the most popular as it is employed at the high school, college, and Olympic level, where the ultimate goal is to throw and pin your opponent to the mat, which results in an immediate win. Freestyle wrestling is the most complete style of standup wrestling and brings together traditional wrestling, judo and sambo techniques. I choose to research wrestling because it is a sport I participated in while I was in high school and now use its application in my amateur mixed martial arts career.I had always found the suplex throw to be one of the flashiest and most detrimental takedowns from the feet which is why I choose to analyze this movement for my project. The suplex is seen in nearly all forms of wrestling and is said to be one of the most effective throws in the sport. The technique employed to complete this throw successfully without injury to yourself or an opponent requires an advanced understanding of the sport, above average skill and unique biomechanics; which makes it a perfect topic for more extensive analysis. pic] When performing the suplex throw there are three major phases that produce the collaborative move. There is the movement that gains control of the opponent and acts as the pre-loading of momentum to initiate the following movement, there is then the actual lift portion where the opponent is taken off the ground, and there is the movement in which the opponent makes contact with the ground once again and the active individual gains control of the opponent on the floor.The sequence of pictures displays eleven figures and steps in sequential order to perform the suplex throw. The preliminary phase is depicted by the first three figures and is the set up and pre-loading of momentum, the act phase is the explosive movement of bringing the opponent off the ground and over the shoulder of the active individual whilst the active individual falls backwards, The follow-through phase is the movement that brings the opponent back into contact with the ground and secures position of the opponent on the floor. Chapter 2 [pic] The Preliminary Phase [pic] Left Ankle |Plantar flexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Slight flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Flexion, Abduction, Slight internal rotation | |Right Hip |Flexion | |Trunk |Slight lateral flexion | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Horizontal adduction | |Right Shoulder |Fl exion, Abduction, Horizontal adduction | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Flexion | [pic] Left Ankle |Plantar Flexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Flexion, Abduction | |Right Hip |Flexion | |Trunk |Neutral | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Flexion | [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion, | |Left Hip |Flexion, Slight abduction | |Right Hip |Flexion, Slight abduction | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Neutral | |Right Wrist |Neutral | [pic][p ic][pic][pic] The Act Phase [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion, | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] |Left Ankle |Slight eversion, Slight dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Slight dorsiflexion | |Left Knee Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion, | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Extension | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Slight plantar flexion, Slight eversion | |Right Ankle |Sl ight dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip Extension | |Trunk |Slight hyper-extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Slight plantar flexion, Slight eversion | |Right Ankle |Neutral | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |hyper-extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic][pic][pic] The Follow Through Phase [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flex ion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Plantar flexion | |Right Ankle |Neutral | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension, External Rotation | |Trunk |hyper-extension, Lateral Flexion | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Flexion | |Right Hip |Flexion | |Trunk |Flexion | |Left Shoulder | horizontal adduction | |Right Shoulder |horizontal ad duction | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Flexion | Chapter 3 The Preliminary Phase [pic] Plantar Flexion Left Ankle |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Slight flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Tectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Abduction Left Hip |Gluteus Medius | |Slight Internal rotation Left Hip |Deep Gluteal, Semitendinosus | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Slight lateral flexion Trunk |Quadratus Lumborum | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, P ectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Left Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | |Flexion Right Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | [pic] Plantar Flexion Left Ankle |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Abduction Left Hip |Gluteus Medius | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Neutralization Trunk |N/A | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal adduction Left Shoul der |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Left Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | |Flexion Right Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | [pic] Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Slight Abduction |Gluteus Medius | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Slight Abduction Right Hip |Gluteus M edius | |Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal Rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Neutralization Left Wrist |N/A | |Neutralization Right Wrist |N/A | The Act Phase [pic] |Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterio r | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid ,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Eversion Left Ankle |Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus| |Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Brevis | | |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Trunk |Erector sp inae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, E xtensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Eversion Left Ankle |Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus| |Plantarflexion Left Ankle |Brevis | | |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Hyper-Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group, | | Psoas, iliacus | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Righ t Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] |Eversion Left Ankle Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus| |Plantarflexion Left Ankle |Brevis | | |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Neutralization Right Ankle |N/A | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Sem imembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Hyper-Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group, | | |Psoas, iliacus | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula,Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brac hialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | The Follow Through Phase [pic] Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid , Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Plantarflexion Left Ankle |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Neutralization Right Ankle |N/A | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |External Rotation Right Hip |Sartorius, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Gluteus Maximus | |Hyper-Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group, | |Lateral Flexion Trunk |Psoas, iliacus | | |Quadratus Lumborum | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carp i Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Flexion Trunk |Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique, Internal Oblique | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Horizontal Adduction Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Left Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | |Flexion Right Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palm aris Longus | Chapter 4 Strength Training Power Snatch [pic][pic] [pic][pic] 1. Place your feet at a shoulder width stance with the barbell resting right above the connection between the toes and the rest of the foot. 2. With a palms pronated, bend at the knees and keeping the back flat grab the bar using a wider than shoulder width grip. Bring the hips down and make sure that your body drops as if you were going to sit on a chair. This will be your starting position. 3. Start pushing the floor as if it were a moving platform with your feet and simultaneously start lifting the barbell keeping it close to your legs. 4.As the bar reaches the middle of your thighs, push the floor with your legs and lift your body to a complete extension in an explosive motion. 5. Lift your shoulders back in a shrugging movement as you bring the bar up while lifting your elbows out to the side and keeping them above the bar for as long as possible. 6. Now in a very quick but powerful motion, you have to get your body under the barbell when it has reached a high enough point where it can be controlled and drop while locking your arms and holding the barbell overhead as you assume a squat position. 7. Finalize the movement by rising up out of the squat position to finish the lift.At the end of the lift both feet should be on line and the arms fully extended holding the barbell overhead. Deadlift [pic][pic] 1. Stand in front of a loaded barbell. 2. While keeping the back as straight as possible, flex your knees and hips, bend forward and grasp the bar using a medium (shoulder width) pronated hand grip. This will be the starting position of the exercise. 3. While holding the bar, start the lift by pushing with your legs driving your heels into the floor while simultaneously gettingyour torso to the upright position as you breathe out. In the upright position, stick your chest out and contract the back by bringing the shoulder blades back. 4.Go back to the starting position by bending at the knees while simultaneously leaning the torso forward at the waist while keeping the back straight. When the weights on the bar touch the floor you are back at the starting position and ready to perform another repetition Pull Up [pic][pic] 1. Grab the pull-up bar with the palms pronated. Space hands approximately shoulder width apart. 2. As you have both arms extended in front of you holding the bar at the chosen grip width, bring your torso back around 30 degrees or so while creating a curvature on your lower back and sticking your chest out. This is your starting position. 3. Pull your torso up closer to the bar by drawing the shoulders and the upper arms down and back. Exhale as you perform this portion of the movement. 4.After a brief pause in a fully contracted position, start to inhale and initiate the eccentric phase by slowly lowering your torso back to the starting position when your arms are fully extended and the lats are fully stretched. Squat [pic][pic][pic] 1. S tep under the bar and place the back of your shoulders (slightly below the neck) across it. 2. Hold on to the bar using both arms at each side and lift it off the rack by first pushing with your legs and at the same time straightening your torso. 3. Step away from the rack and position your legs using a shoulder width medium stance with the toes slightly pointed out. Keep your head up at all times and also maintain a straight back.This will be your starting position. 4. Begin to slowly lower the bar by flexing the hips and knees as you maintain a straight posture with the head up. Continue down until the angle between the upper leg and the calves becomes slightly less than 90-degrees. Inhale as you perform this portion of the movement. 5. Begin to raise the bar as you exhale by pushing the floor with the heel of your foot as you straighten the legs again and go back to the starting position. Lateral Raise [pic][pic] 1. Pick a couple of dumbbells and stand with a straight torso and t he dumbbells by your side at arms length with the palms of the hand facing you. This will be your starting position. 2.While maintaining the torso in a stationary position, lift the dumbbells to your side with a slight bend on the elbow. Continue to go up until you arms are parallel to the floor. Exhale as you execute this movement and pause for a second at the top. 3. Lower the dumbbells back down slowly to the starting position as you inhale. Machine Fly [pic][pic] 1. Sit on the machine with your back flat on the pad. 2. Take hold of the handles. 3. Push the handles together slowly as you squeeze your chest in the middle. Breathe out during this part of the motion and hold the contraction for a second. 4. Return back to the starting position slowly as you inhale until your chest muscles are fully stretched.